Fez, Morocco : Complete Tourist Guide to Explore the Imperial City

Fez, one of Morocco’s oldest imperial cities, offers a captivating journey through time. Founded in the 8th century, Fez is the beating heart of Moroccan culture and history, a place where tradition and modernity meet. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the city is famous for its preserved medieval medina, the largest in the Arab world, and a bewitching labyrinth of historic alleyways and bustling markets.

This jewel of Morocco has preserved its heritage with remarkable authenticity, offering visitors a unique experience. From grandiose architectural monuments such as Al Quaraouiyine University, the oldest functioning university in the world, to traditional tannery and pottery workshops, Fez is a city that never ceases to amaze.

But Fez is much more than an open-air museum. It’s a vibrant city, a center of Moroccan gastronomy, and a cultural meeting place. Whether you’re exploring the hidden treasures of the medina, enjoying a spicy tajine in a traditional riad or attending a Sufi music festival, Fez promises an unforgettable adventure. Come and discover why Fez is a must-see destination, a place where every street corner tells a story, and every experience leaves a lasting impression.

Fes or Fez?

The city of Fez, often spelled “Fez” in English, is one of Morocco’s imperial cities. When it comes to choosing between “Fès” and “Fez”, much depends on language and cultural context.

1. In French: The preferred spelling is “Fès”. This version is more faithful to the original Arabic pronunciation. Indeed, in the Arabic alphabet, the city is written فاس (Fās). The French transliteration “Fès” better captures the sound of the initial vowel in Arabic.
2. In English: “Fez” is the traditional spelling. However, with globalization and increased cultural exchange, it’s not uncommon to see “Fes” used in English-language publications to approximate the original pronunciation and spelling of French.
3. In media and literature: The use of either form can vary. Some publishers or authors may choose “Fez” to respect an English-speaking tradition, while others may opt for “Fès” for reasons of cultural or linguistic proximity to the French-speaking world.
4. For tourists and visitors: Although both spellings are recognized, it’s useful to know that locally, especially on French road signs and official documents, “Fès” is the most common spelling.

History of Fez

Introduction to the History of Fez :

Fez, founded in the 8th century, is one of Morocco’s oldest cities and has long been a center of power, culture and religion. Its foundation by Idris I in 789, and its expansion under Idris II, made it a crucial city in the history of Morocco.

Development and Apogee of Fez :

Over the centuries, Fez has established itself as a major center of learning and commerce. Al Quaraouiyine University, founded in 859, is a symbol of this heritage, being one of the oldest universities in the world still in operation. The city flourished under the Merinid and Alawite dynasties, when it served as the capital.

Fez and Moroccan Culture:

Fez has played an invaluable role in shaping Moroccan culture. It is a bastion of traditional Moroccan culture, particularly in the fields of crafts, music and gastronomy. Andalusian music, for example, is particularly celebrated here, as are religious and cultural festivals.

Historical milestones :

• 9th century: Foundation and initial expansion under the Idrissids.
• 13th century: Construction of numerous Marinid monuments, including madrasas and fondouks.
• 14th-15th centuries: Period of prosperity under the Marinid dynasty.
• 19th century: Fez becomes an important center of resistance against French colonialism.
• 20th century: Modernization and urban development, while preserving its cultural and historical heritage.

The Modern Heritage of Fez :

Today, Fez continues to play an important role in contemporary Morocco. It is a center of higher education and industry, while attracting tourists from all over the world, seduced by its rich history and vibrant culture. The preservation of the medina, the revitalization of its traditional crafts and the organization of international cultural events, such as the Fès Festival of World Sacred Music, bear witness to its continuing importance.

Must-See Tourist Attractions in Fez

The Medina of Fez : A historical labyrinth

• The Medina of Fez, or Fez el-Bali, is one of the world’s largest car-free urban areas, a fascinating maze of narrow, winding streets.
• Famous for its bustling souks, the Medina offers an authentic experience, where visitors can buy local handicrafts such as Berber carpets, pottery, silver jewelry and leather goods.
• Architectural highlights include the Bab Boujloud Gate, adorned with magnificent blue and green tiles.

Al-Qarawiyyin University and Mosque: Cradle of Knowledge

• Founded in 859, Al-Qarawiyyin University is considered the oldest university still in operation in the world.
• This historic center of learning played a crucial role in the cultural and intellectual development of the Islamic and Mediterranean world.
• The adjoining mosque, with its large courtyard and elegant minaret, is a remarkable example of Islamic architecture.

The Royal Palace of Fez: Witness to Royal Grandeur

• The Royal Palace of Fez, although not open to the public, is an impressive structure to admire from the outside. Its gilded doors are exquisite examples of Moroccan craftsmanship.
• Surrounded by high walls, the palace is a symbol of royal authority and the city’s rich historical heritage.

Other Important Buildings and Sites

• Médersa Bou Inania: A dazzling example of Merinid architecture, this medersa (Koranic school) offers a glimpse of traditional Islamic education.
• Le Quartier des Tanneurs: Known for its famous open-air dyeing vats, this district offers a unique visual experience and a glimpse of traditional craftsmanship.
• The Merinid Tombs: Situated on a hill with a breathtaking view of the city, these tombs offer a glimpse into the history and architecture of the Merinid dynasty.

Gastronomy and Culinary Culture in Fez

Panorama of Moroccan Cuisine with a Focus on Fez

• Moroccan cuisine is renowned for its diversity, rich flavors and multiple influences, combining Berber, Arab, Andalusian and even French traditions.
• Fès, as a cultural center, stands out for its unique culinary specialties. These include “bissara”, a thick bean soup, and “pastilla”, a sweet and savory puff pastry, often stuffed with pigeon or chicken.
• Fès tajines and couscous are also famous, prepared with local spices and a distinctive touch that reflects the region’s terroir.

The Best Places to Eat in Fez

• For an upscale dining experience, Fez’s luxury riads and restaurants offer refined interpretations of traditional cuisine in enchanting settings.
• Medina markets, such as those around Talaa Kebira, are packed with street stalls selling local snacks like “maakouda” (potato pancakes) and kefta sandwiches.
• For pastry lovers, the stalls selling “chebakia” and “briouates” are a must.

Cultural Significance of Food in Moroccan Daily Life

• Cooking in Fez is more than just food, it’s a central element of social and cultural life. Meals are often moments of gathering, reflecting Moroccan hospitality and generosity.
• Culinary techniques and recipes are handed down from generation to generation, making cooking an important vehicle for preserving culture.
• Moroccan festivities and celebrations, such as Ramadan or weddings, are accompanied by specific dishes, underlining the central role of food in traditions and rituals.

Unique Experiences in Fez

Workshops and Guided Tours

• Fez, with its rich heritage of craftsmanship, offers visitors a unique opportunity to take part in interactive workshops. Traditional pottery workshops enable visitors to discover the ancestral techniques used to make the famous Fès blue pottery.
• Fès tanneries, such as Chouara, are world-famous. Visitors can observe the traditional leather tanning process and often take part in workshops to learn more about this craft.
• Guided tours of the Medina reveal the secrets of this ancient city, including its mosques, medersas and historic fountains.

Annual Festivals and Events

• The Fez Festival of World Sacred Music is a major event, attracting artists and spectators from all over the world to celebrate spiritual music and culture.
• The Sufi Culture Festival offers a week of concerts, lectures and dance performances, providing a deep insight into Sufi mysticism.
• The Fez Film Festival celebrates Moroccan and international cinema, with open-air screenings in historic locations.

Nightlife and Entertainment

• Although Fez is often associated with its rich history and traditional culture, the city also offers a wide range of nightlife options.
• The cafés of the Medina and the terraces of the riads offer pleasant evenings with live music, ranging from traditional Moroccan to contemporary styles.
• For a more modern experience, some clubs and bars outside the Medina offer a variety of atmospheres, from live music to DJ sets.

Practical advice for tourists to Fez

Best times to visit Fez

• Spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) are the ideal times to visit Fez, with mild temperatures and fewer crowds.
• Summer (July and August) can be very hot, which may not be suitable for all travelers.
• Winter is generally mild, but can bring occasional rain.

Transport tips

• Arriving in Fez : Fès-Saïss airport serves international and domestic flights. The city is also accessible by train and road.
• Getting around: Fès Medina is essentially pedestrianized. Small cabs are a practical and economical way to get around.
• Car Rental: For those wishing to explore beyond the Medina, renting a car in Fez is a flexible option. It allows you to visit the sites around Fez at your own pace.

Cultural Etiquette and Useful Phrases

• Respecting traditions: modest dress is recommended, especially in the Medina.
• Communication: Useful phrases in Arabic and French, such as “Salam Alikoum” (Hello), “Shukran” (Thank you), “La, shukran” (No, thank you).
• Haggling: A common practice in the souks, don’t hesitate to negotiate prices.

Health and Safety Tips

• Personal safety: Fez is generally safe, but be careful with your personal belongings, especially in crowded areas.
• Drinking water: Prefer bottled water to tap water.
• Medical care: Available in town, but travel insurance covering medical care is recommended.

Accommodation and Logistics

Lodging options:

• Fez offers a diverse range of accommodation, from luxury hotels to traditional riads and budget options.
• Riads, traditional Moroccan houses with courtyards, offer an authentic experience and are particularly popular in the Medina.

Visa Requirements and Entry Procedures:

• Visa requirements for Morocco vary according to the country of origin. It is advisable to check current conditions before traveling.
• For most tourists, a passport valid for six months after the date of entry is required.

Currency, language and other practical information

• The local currency is the Moroccan dirham (MAD). ATMs are widely available, and credit cards are accepted in many establishments.
• French and Arabic are the most widely spoken languages. English is also spoken in tourist areas.
• Electrical outlets in Morocco are type C and E, and the standard voltage is 220 V.

Frequently asked question: